WhitmanTrading

GBP/JPY: Size Down, Do Not Tighten Up

GBP/JPY is sterling priced in yen, a cross with no US dollar leg, so it inherits the volatility of two dollar pairs at once. It carries two central banks, two calendars and two sessions. The correct response to that range is a smaller position, not a tighter stop.

Sterling priced in yen, and structurally a cross. The range that follows is the whole story, and the response to it is arithmetic, not instinct.

How it works

A candlestick chart of the site's shared price history. The headline on the chart reads: Sterling priced in yen.
Sterling priced in yen. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

Sterling priced in yen. GBP/JPY is a currency pair quoting the British pound in Japanese yen — one unit of the first, expressed in the second.

A gently rising stretch of the long price series. The headline on the chart reads: It is a cross, derived from two dollar pairs.
It is a cross, derived from two dollar pairs. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

It is a cross, derived from two dollar pairs. No US dollar sits in the quote. In forex the price is implied by sterling against the dollar and the dollar against the yen.

A calmly advancing stretch of the long price series. The headline on the chart reads: Which is why its daily range is so large.
Which is why its daily range is so large. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

Which is why its daily range is so large. A cross inherits the movement of both underlying pairs at once, with no dollar leg between them to average one against the other.

A choppy, directionless stretch of the long price series. The headline on the chart reads: Traders call it the dragon, and the name is earned.
Traders call it the dragon, and the name is earned. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

Traders call it the dragon, and the name is earned. The beast is the other nickname. Neither tells you anything the range does not.

A flat, quiet stretch of the long price series. The headline on the chart reads: So the position must be smaller, not the stop tighter.
So the position must be smaller, not the stop tighter. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

So the position must be smaller, not the stop tighter. Keeping the size and shortening the stop leaves the same money at risk while raising the chance that ordinary movement ends the trade before the idea resolves.

Where the movement comes from

A strongly rising stretch of the long price series. The headline on the chart reads: It moves most where London and Tokyo overlap.
It moves most where London and Tokyo overlap. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

It moves most where London and Tokyo overlap. Sterling’s activity concentrates in the London session, the yen side trades through the Asian session, and the trading sessions overlap where one ends and the other begins.

A declining stretch of the long price series. The headline on the chart reads: And it carries the news risk of two countries.
And it carries the news risk of two countries. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

And it carries the news risk of two countries. Two central banks, two economic calendars, two sets of policy decisions, and no dollar leg to dilute them.

A candlestick chart with a volume histogram beneath it, with the volume histogram emphasised. The headline on the chart reads: Participation is thinner than the major pairs.
Participation is thinner than the major pairs. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

Participation is thinner than the major pairs. Lower volume means less liquidity standing behind each quote, so the spread runs wider than on USD/JPY, and wider again outside the active hours.

A long-horizon candlestick view of the same price series. The headline on the chart reads: On a daily chart the swings are enormous.
On a daily chart the swings are enormous. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

On a daily chart the swings are enormous. The structure that widens the hourly range compounds across a session, so a position held overnight is a different exposure from one closed intraday.

A candlestick series containing several opening gaps, with the largest opening gap marked. The headline on the chart reads: And two calendars means twice the gap risk.
And two calendars means twice the gap risk. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

And two calendars means twice the gap risk. An opening gap prices you where the market reopens, not where the stop sat, and a weekend gap here can exceed an ordinary day’s travel.

In practice

A declining stretch of the long price series, with the entry price and the level at which a stop would trigger drawn as horizontal lines. The headline on the chart reads: A stop here has to be wider than instinct says.
A stop here has to be wider than instinct says. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

A stop here has to be wider than instinct says. A stop loss borrowed from a quieter instrument sits inside the noise, so it is removed by movement that means nothing.

A candlestick chart of the site's shared price history, annotated with the round-trip cost. The headline on the chart reads: Every round trip costs 2% of a bar.
Every round trip costs 2% of a bar. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

Every round trip costs 2% of a bar. On this site’s shared 576-bar history a round trip costs 0.0098 price units — 2% of a median bar’s range, and 45% of the smallest bar.

A 72-bar candlestick section of the shared price history. The headline on the chart reads: The spread is wider because the risk is.
The spread is wider because the risk is. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

The spread is wider because the risk is. Whoever holds the other side of a volatile, thinly traded book is compensated for it, and in the quiet hours that cost is a large share of the range.

Sizing it, in the order that works

The size is an output, not a decision. Measure the current average true range on the timeframe being traded, then set the stop at a multiple of that measurement rather than a round number that looks tidy on the chart.

Then the arithmetic runs in one direction only. Your risk per trade, stated as a fixed fraction of the account, divided by the stop distance in price, gives the position. The lot size falls out of that division instead of being chosen in advance.

Which is exactly why the order matters. Pick the size first and the stop gets bent to fit it, which is how a wide-ranging instrument ends up wearing a stop measured for a quiet one. Volatility sets the stop, the stop sets the size, and leverage only changes what that size costs to hold.

What GBP/JPY is not

It is not a major pair. There is no US dollar in the quote, which is what makes it a cross.

It is not USD/JPY under another name. One leg is shared; the behaviour is not.

It is not made safe by a tighter stop. The stop is the wrong lever here.

It is not more profitable for being more volatile. Range is an input to sizing, not an edge.

When it fails

The market went sideways

A sideways, range-bound candlestick series. The headline on the chart reads: In a range its size makes every whipsaw expensive.
In a range its size makes every whipsaw expensive. Illustrative chart - not real market data.

In a range its size makes every whipsaw expensive. Inside a trading range the pair still travels its usual distance, so each false break pays out a full-sized adverse move.

The size was carried over from another pair

A position sized on a major is oversized here. Same lots, same account, far more travel, and a loss nobody chose.

The stop was tightened instead of the size reduced

The same money is at risk, with a much higher chance of losing it. The trade is removed by routine movement and the idea never gets tested.

It was traded through the quiet hours

Outside the active sessions the spread is a large share of what is on offer. The pair keeps its reputation for movement while the range that pays for the cost is absent.

Two countries’ news landed on one position

Two calendars means twice the exposure to scheduled announcements. A position margined for one country’s release is under-margined the moment the other one lands.

It was held over the weekend

A gap can exceed an ordinary day’s range. A stop is a request, not a fill price, and the fill happens where the market reopens.

The original data

A 72-bar window of the shared price history, cut short at the decision bar. The headline on the chart reads: Twice the usual range today. Same size?
Twice the usual range today. Same size? Illustrative chart - not real market data.

In research/series-measurements.json, built by site/measure_series.py, distance buys holding time. Trailed by a multiple of the 14-bar average true range from every eligible bar of this site’s shared 576-bar history, the median position survived 3 bars at one average range, 10 at two, 22 at three and 32 at four, across 562 trials each.

But the cost is fixed while the range is not. A round trip stays at 0.0098 price units while bar ranges run from 0.17 at the tenth percentile to 1.101 at the ninetieth, a spread of 6.5 to 1, and the 14-bar average true range itself spans 0.2823 to 0.7954, a ratio of 2.82. So set the stop from a volatility measure and the size from the stop, in that order, and never carry a size across from another pair without recomputing it.

Currency pair is the structure underneath this one, and where the difference between a major and a cross is set out.

Forex is the market it trades in, including the hours that decide when the spread is worth paying.

And risk per trade is the fraction the sizing calculation begins from, the number to fix before any pair is chosen.

What I actually do

I learned this one the expensive way, by carrying a size that was perfectly sensible on a quieter pair straight across to this one. It behaved exactly as it always behaves, and I read that as bad luck rather than as arithmetic I had skipped. What fixed it was doing the calculation in the other order — measuring the volatility first and letting the size be whatever fell out of it. The trade stopped feeling dramatic almost immediately, which was the tell that the drama had been mine.

— Michael Whitman

This page is educational, not financial advice. Test every idea on your own charts before risking money.